EXPLORING UNEMPLOYMENT AMONG THE RURAL DWELLERS IN NIGERIA: ANALYSIS OF GAMAWA LGA 2019-2024

Abstract Unemployment among rural dwellers remains one of the most pressing socio-economic challenges in Nigeria, with direct implications for poverty reduction, youth empowerment, and rural development. This study examines the dynamics of unemployment in Gamawa Local Government Area of Bauchi State from 2019 to 2024, focusing on the lived experiences of rural residents through qualitative interviews with community leaders, unemployed youths, women, and local government officials. The objectives of the study were threefold: to assess the nature and extent of unemployment among rural dwellers in Gamawa, to identify socio-economic and institutional factors responsible for persistent joblessness, and to provide evidence-based recommendations for sustainable employment creation in rural areas. Findings from the interviews revealed that unemployment in Gamawa is multidimensional, cutting across both skilled and unskilled labor segments. Structural issues such as limited industrial activity, poor access to vocational training, lack of modern agricultural support services, and weak investment in rural infrastructure were identified as core drivers. Respondents emphasized that unemployment has led to increased rural-urban migration, rising poverty levels, social discontent, and vulnerability to political manipulation. The study further found that although government initiatives such as N-Power, agricultural credit schemes, and small-scale entrepreneurship programs were introduced during the period under review, their impact in Gamawa was minimal due to poor implementation, corruption, and inadequate targeting of rural beneficiaries. Based on these findings, the study recommends a multi-sectoral approach to tackling rural unemployment. This should include: revitalization of rural agriculture through mechanization, extension services, and access to affordable credit; establishment of community-based vocational training centers aligned with local economic needs; creation of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) hubs supported by microfinance institutions; and strengthening of local governance mechanisms to ensure transparency and accountability in program implementation. By integrating these strategies, rural unemployment in Gamawa and similar local government areas across Nigeria can be reduced, thereby enhancing inclusive development and minimizing rural poverty.