DISSECTION OF COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS IMPACT ON HUMAN ENVIRONMENT IN URBAN CITY (CASE STUDY: LAGOS EAST SENATORIAL DISTRICT)

As urban areas in developing nations continue to grapple with the environmental and health consequences of fossil fuel dependency, Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) has emerged as a viable cleaner energy alternative. This study critically examines the environmental and human health impacts of CNG adoption in Lagos East Senatorial District, Nigeria, an urban center characterized by high vehicular activity and industrial growth. The background and rationale for the study, highlighting the growing need to explore sustainable fuel alternatives in response to worsening air pollution and public health concerns in Lagos. It establishes the research aim, which is to assess how CNG usage affects the human environment, while also identifying the major barriers to its adoption. The chapter outlines the study's objectives, hypotheses, significance, scope, and limitations. Reviewing relevant literature, both local and international, on CNG adoption, environmental sustainability, and public perception. It includes theoretical frameworks such as the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) and the Theory of Planned Behavior to anchor the study. Empirical reviews were conducted on successful CNG adoption in countries like India, Brazil, Colombia, and Iran. The chapter also identifies significant gaps in Nigerian literature, particularly the absence of localized studies examining CNG's effect in districts like Lagos East. This describes the research methodology, which adopted a descriptive survey design. The population of study included residents, commercial drivers, environmental health officers, and a single stakeholder from the Ministry of Health. A sample of 105 respondents was drawn using multi-stage sampling. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and key informant interviews. The data analysis relied on descriptive statistics (percentages), while ethical considerations and instrument validation protocols were strictly followed. This presents and analyzes the data collected. Each of the 25 questionnaire items was analyzed individually, showing trends in awareness, perceived benefits, negative concerns, and institutional support. The findings revealed a moderate level of public awareness about CNG, general agreement on its environmental and economic advantages, and significant concerns related to infrastructure, cost, and safety. Governmental involvement and policy enforcement were perceived as weak, and public sensitization efforts were largely absen