GROUNDWATER SYSTEM EVALUATION IN PARTS OF AROCHUKWU AND ITS ENVIRONS USING VERTICAL ELECTRICAL SOUNDING (VES)

Abstract Groundwater remains one of the most reliable sources of potable water in many rural and semi-urban regions of Nigeria, including Arochukwu and its environs. However, the increasing demand for water, coupled with inconsistent surface water availability, has made it necessary to explore subsurface water resources more efficiently and scientifically. This study focuses on evaluating the groundwater system in parts of Arochukwu using the Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) method, a geophysical technique widely used for subsurface investigation. A total of several VES stations were occupied across the study area using the Schlumberger electrode configuration. The data obtained were processed and interpreted to determine the resistivity and thickness of subsurface layers, which in turn helped in identifying potential aquifer zones. The results revealed variations in subsurface lithology, including topsoil, clay, sandy clay, and sand formations, with aquiferous layers predominantly found within sandy formations. The findings indicate that groundwater potential varies across the study area, with some locations showing high prospects for sustainable water supply. This study provides valuable insights for groundwater development, borehole siting, and water resource management in Arochukwu and similar geological settings.