AN EXAMINATION OF FEDERALISM AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT AUTONOMY IN NIGERIA

ABSTRACT The concept of human rights over the years has become a subject of great importance due to its effectiveness in safeguarding the inherent rights and dignity of individuals. In Nigeria, various endeavors have been undertaken by the government in guaranteeing the protection of human rights in the country through the enshrinement of Constitutional provisions, the ratification of global human rights instruments, and the establishment of institutional mechanisms. However, despite the numerous legislations and institutions set in place to protect human rights in the country, there exist several challenges hindering the full realization of human rights in Nigeria. This study appraised the concept of human rights in Nigeria and the challenges facing it. It analyzed the efficacy and otherwise of the extant Nigerian legal framework for the protection of human rights. It also examined the non-conformity of the 1999 Constitution with international human rights standards and other factors as hindrances to the realization of human rights in Nigeria. This study employed doctrinal research methodology while it relied on primary sources (like legislations, case laws, and treaties) and secondary sources (like textbooks, journal articles, and internet materials). The study uncovered among other things, the gaps in the 1999 Constitutions hindering the realization and protection of human rights in Nigeria. It also revealed how Section 6(6)(c) of the Constitutions has made the realization of the economic, social, and cultural rights contained in Chapter II of the Constitution unachievable. This study then concluded that there is need for the Nigerian government to take necessary actions to ensure the protection and promotion of human rights in the country. Furthermore, this study proffered recommendations based on the challenges identified, such as reviewing the gaps and amending the 1999 Constitution, and strengthening institutions responsible for the protection of human rights in order to tackle these challenges.