DEVELOPMENT OF BORDER AND FURROW IRRIGATION SYSTEM

ABSTRACT This study presents the development and comparative evaluation of border and furrow irrigation systems to enhance agricultural water management in tropical regions. The project aimed to design, install, and assess the performance of these irrigation systems on a 1-hectare experimental site characterized by clay-dominated soil with high moisture retention capacity. Given the irregular rainfall distribution and the soil’s drainage challenges, efficient irrigation is essential for sustaining crop growth. The experimental setup was designed to replicate typical agricultural conditions in the area, with crops such as maize, sorghum, and vegetables cultivated under each irrigation method. Comprehensive physicochemical analyses of both soil and irrigation water were conducted to evaluate the compatibility of the irrigation systems with the local soil conditions. Findings revealed several parameters, such as soil pH, calcium hardness, and moisture content, that deviated from FAO standards, potentially impacting irrigation effectiveness and soil health. High soil density and low porosity, typical of clay soils, were observed, which may hinder root growth and water infiltration. In response, recommendations were made to adjust soil pH, enhance calcium levels, and optimize soil structure for better crop yield. The irrigation water also showed elevated alkalinity and calcium content, which could affect soil quality over time, warranting consideration of water treatment options. The study underscores the importance of tailored irrigation solutions to match local soil and water characteristics. The border and furrow irrigation systems proved effective in this context, highlighting their potential scalability for broader agricultural applications. By facilitating better water distribution and promoting sustainable agricultural practices, this project contributes to food security, soil conservation, and climate-resilient farming strategies.