PHYSICOCHEMICAL ASSESSMENT OF HOSPITAL WASTE WATER AT GENERAL HOSPITAL AZARE

Abstracts Hospital wastewater contains diverse pollutants, including organic matter, chemical residues, and pharmaceutical compounds, which pose serious environmental and public health risks when discharged untreated. This study evaluated the physicochemical characteristics of wastewater from the Federal University Teaching Hospital, Azare (GENERAL HOSPITAL AZARE) to determine its pollution potential and compliance with regulatory standards. Samples were collected from three major discharge points Theater, Ward, and Laboratory over three weeks and analyzed for pH, temperature, turbidity, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) using standard procedures. Results revealed that pH (6.9–7.4) and temperature (29.9–33.3°C) were within permissible limits. However, turbidity (67–86 NTU) exceeded WHO standards, while DO (1.88–2.45 mg/L) was critically low, indicating high organic pollution. BOD₅ and COD values surpassed recommended limits, particularly in Theater and Ward samples, whereas Laboratory effluents contained more non-biodegradable compounds and higher EC/TDS values. Overall, the wastewater failed to meet WHO and NESREA discharge standards, suggesting significant risks to aquatic ecosystems and nearby communities. The study recommends the establishment of a dedicated wastewater treatment plant, separate pre-treatment of laboratory effluents, and regular monitoring to safeguard environmental and public health.