PHYSIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF LOTIC ECOSYSTEM

This study assesses the physicochemical parameters of lotic ecosystems in Iko, Eastern Obolo Local Government Area (L.G.A.), Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, to evaluate water quality and the impact of human activities on aquatic biodiversity. Water samples were collected from four key locations: Iko Creek, Estuary Mouth, Okorrette Bridge, and Okoromboho Community. Physicochemical parameters including temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, conductivity, turbidity, nutrient levels (nitrate, phosphate, silicate), salinity, and water velocity were analyzed using standard field and laboratory methods. Data analysis was performed using ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation, and regression to determine spatial and seasonal variations. The results indicated significant spatial variations (p < 0.05) across most parameters. Temperature ranged from 27.0°C to 29.4°C, with higher values linked to solar radiation and industrial activities. DO levels varied between 2.5 mg/L and 3.6 mg/L, suggesting potential hypoxic conditions due to organic pollution. Conductivity values ranged from 22.2 mS/cm to 40.0 mS/cm, reflecting saline intrusion and anthropogenic influences. Nitrate and phosphate levels (1.76–1.97 mg/L and 1.31–1.46 mg/L, respectively) indicated moderate nutrient enrichment, contributing to potential eutrophication risks. Salinity ranged from 20.0‰ to 25.0‰, influenced by tidal movements and freshwater inflows. Water velocity ranged between 0.105 m/s and 0.148 m/s, impacting sediment transport and dissolved oxygen levels. The study concludes that anthropogenic activities such as industrial discharge and agricultural runoff significantly affect the water quality of the Iko lotic ecosystem.