EVALUATION OF NATIONAL GRID FAILURE AND STRATEGIES FOR FUTURE RELIABILITY IMPROVEMENT IN NIGERIA FROM 2010 TO 2018

ABSTRACT This study evaluates the frequency and underlying causes of national grid failures in Nigeria from 2010 to 2018, a period characterized by persistent energy instability and significant economic losses. Utilizing a descriptive research design, the study analyzed historical operational data from the Transmission Company of Nigeria (TCN) and the Nigerian Electricity Regulatory Commission (NERC) to track patterns of total and partial system collapses. Findings reveal a high incidence of grid failures, with the year 2010 recording the highest total at 42 cases, while 2018 showed a marked reduction to 2 cases, suggesting a gradual but insufficient improvement in grid management and policy implementation. The analysis identifies aging infrastructure, inadequate maintenance, gas supply constraints, and a critical imbalance between power generation and demand as the primary drivers of system instability. To mitigate these failures, the study proposes a multi-dimensional reliability framework encompassing the adoption of Smart Grid technologies (SCADA), the diversification of the energy mix through renewable energy integration, and the modernization of transmission networks. The research concludes that achieving a resilient power system in Nigeria requires a holistic synergy between technical upgrades, consistent regulatory enforcement, and increased investment in local technical expertise to foster sustainable socio-economic growth.