CAUSES OF PAVEMENT DETERIORATION. CASE STUDY: ANYIGBA-ANKPA HIGHWAY
Abstract
Road infrastructure plays a critical role in socio-economic development, yet highway pavement failures remain a persistent challenge in Nigeria. The Anyigba–Ankpa highway in Kogi State is characterized by severe pavement distresses such as potholes, alligator cracking, drainage collapse, and clogging, which impede transportation, reduce economic activities, and increase risks of accidents, robberies, and environmental degradation. This study investigates the major causes of pavement failures along the Anyigba–Ankpa highway through field observations, soil sampling, and geotechnical tests including sieve analysis, compaction, and California Bearing Ratio (CBR). Findings reveal that factors such as poor sub-grade conditions, inadequate drainage, traffic overloading, poor construction practices, and environmental influences contribute significantly to road deterioration. The study also highlights that weak geotechnical properties of soils and insufficient pavement thickness exacerbate the failures. Based on the results, recommendations are made for improved pavement design, adequate soil testing, drainage provision, use of quality construction materials, and effective maintenance strategies. The outcomes of this research are expected to serve as a guide for mitigating pavement failures, enhancing road durability, and supporting sustainable infrastructure development in Nigeria.
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