ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIAL OF BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM KUNU-AZU FERMENTED FROM SORGHUM BICOLOR AND A COMBINATION OF PENNISETUM GLAUCUM AND SORGHUM BICOLOR SUBSTRATES
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The study determined the antimicrobial potential of bacteria isolated from fermented Kunu-azu produced from Sorghum bicolor and a combination of Pennisetum glaucum and Sorghum bicolor. Kunu-azu was produced in 2 setups (Sorghum bicolor setup; combination of Pennisetum glaucum and Sorghum bicolor setup). The kunu-azu was allowed to ferment by steeping in distilled water for 3 days. The fermentation process was monitored and controlled by carrying out bacteriological and physicochemical analyses. The isolates obtained were screened for their antimicrobial properties by subjecting them to clinical isolates (Klebsiella pneumoniae strain NFB3, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain FUNAAB WAS01, Escherichia coli strains RHB 18-C12, and Escherichia coli strain S22). Twenty (20) bacterial isolates were obtained (belonging to the genera Corynebacterium urelyticum, Flavobacterium spp., Staphylococcus lugdunensis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, and Micrococcus luteus). The isolates were screened for their pH and the highest pH was observed in the combination of Pennisetum glaucum and Sorghum bicolor setup (5.83) on day 0, while the lowest pH was observed in Sorghum bicolor setup (3.63) on day 3. For temperature, the highest temperature was observed in the combination of Pennisetum glaucum and Sorghum bicolor setup (30.00°C) on day 0, while the lowest temperature was observed in Sorghum bicolor setup (27.90°C) on day 1. For total tritable acidity (TTA), the highest TTA was observed in the combination of Pennisetum glaucum and Sorghum bicolor (5.47g/L) and the lowest TTA in Sorghum bicolor setup (0.25g/L) on day 1. Ofloxacin (OFX) antibiotic exhibited the best susceptibility effect against clinical isolates, while amoxicillin clavulanate (AUG) antibiotic exhibited the least susceptibility effect against clinical isolates. Bacillus subtilis exhibited the best antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae strain NFB3 (30mm), Micrococcus luteus exhibited the best antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli strain RHB18-C12, Flavobacterium spp. exhibited the best antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli strain S22 (28mm).The results of our study suggests that bacterial isolates obtained from kunu-azu exhibited higher antimicrobial properties than the conventional antibiotic disc with the exception of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain FUNAAB WAS01 which showed total resistance to all the bacterial isolates obtained from kunu-azu.
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