DETERMINATION OF NATURALLY OCCURRING HEAVY METAL FROM BOREHOLE WATER IN ITAS GADAU

This study investigated the presence of naturally occurring heavy metals in borehole water consumed by residents of Itas-Gadau, Bauchi State. Water samples were collected from boreholes within Sa'adu Zungur University off-campus and analyzed for heavy metals including Lead (Pb), Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Nickel (Ni), Cadmium (Cd), Manganese (Mn), and Chromium (Cr) using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). The aim was to determine the concentration levels of these metals and compare them with the permissible limits set by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ).Results revealed that the concentrations of Lead (0.03 mg/L) and Zinc (2.8 mg/L) slightly exceeded the recommended limits, indicating potential long-term health risks if the water is consumed untreated. Other metals such as Iron, Copper, Cadmium, and Manganese were within the acceptable limits. The elevated levels of Lead were attributed to anthropogenic activities such as improper waste disposal and vehicle emissions near boreholes. This study concludes that while borehole water in Itas-Gadau is generally safe for consumption in terms of heavy metal content, the elevated levels of Lead and Zinc warrant immediate attention. It is recommended that borehole water be regularly monitored, adequately treated before use, and communities sensitized on the health implications of heavy metal contamination to ensure safe and sustainable water quality.