PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS OF POTATO MARKETING IN JOS NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF PLATEAU STATE, NIGERIA

ABSTRACT As the global energy landscape shifts due to the depletion of fossil fuels and rising power demands, solar energy has emerged as the most viable, pollution-free alternative for tropical regions. This project addresses the systemic inefficiencies in existing grid-connected street lighting systems in Nigeria, which are often plagued by manual operation, inconsistent power supply, and battery damage due to unregulated charging. The primary aim of this work is the design and construction of an Automatic Outdoor Solar Switch. The system integrates a Photovoltaic (PV) panel, a solar charge controller, a 4V rechargeable battery, and an inverter to manage power distribution effectively. By utilizing a light-sensing mechanism, the project automates the transition between charging and lighting states, ensuring that outdoor lights activate at dusk and deactivate at dawn without human intervention. Specific objectives included measuring the battery's performance across various charge states and verifying the accuracy of the automatic timing triggers. Results indicate that the inclusion of a charge controller significantly mitigates the risk of overcharging, while the automation features enhance convenience and energy security. Although the system is sensitive to heavy cloud cover during the rainy season—which may trigger the switch prematurely—the project provides a robust, cost-effective solution for improving the reliability and lifespan of outdoor lighting infrastructure.