COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE MINERAL CONTENTS OF WHITE AND YELLOW CULTIVARS OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF DIOSCOREA DUMETORUM (BITTER YAM)

ABSTRACT Yam (Dioscorea spp.) is an important staple food crop in tropical regions, particularly in West Africa. Among its species, Dioscorea dumetorum (bitter yam) is recognized for its resilience to poor soil conditions and potential nutritional benefits. This study aimed to analyze and compare the micro- and macro-mineral composition of the white and yellow species of Dioscorea dumetorum to evaluate their nutritional significance. Tubers from both species were collected from Emure Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria, and subjected to mineral analysis using standard laboratory procedures. The results revealed significant differences in mineral content between the white and yellow species. The white species contained higher levels of calcium (51.70 ± 0.05 mg/100g) and zinc (0.55 ± 0.05 mg/100g), which are essential for bone health and immune function. In contrast, the yellow species exhibited higher concentrations of iron (9.20 ± 0.01 mg/100g), magnesium (65.55 ± 1.00 mg/100g), and potassium (820.45 ± 0.05 mg/100g), making it a better source for addressing iron-deficiency anemia, cardiovascular health, and blood pressure regulation. This study underscores the nutritional value of Dioscorea dumetorum, with both species contributing essential minerals to human health. The white species is more beneficial for calcium and zinc intake, while the yellow species offers higher amounts of iron, magnesium, and potassium, which are critical for various physiological functions. Promoting the cultivation and consumption of both species can enhance dietary diversity and help combat micronutrient deficiencies, particularly in regions vulnerable to malnutrition. Further research is recommended to explore the bioavailability of these minerals and their health benefits in human diets.