EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF DENTAL CARIES AMONG OGBONNAYA ONU POLYTECHNIC STUDENTS IN ABA, ABIA STATE

ABSTRACT This study investigated the prevalence, risk factors, and microbial profile of dental caries among students of Ogbonnaya Onu Polytechnic, Aba, Abia State. A total of 100 students participated, comprising 36 males and 64 females. Structured questionnaires and oral examinations were used to assess caries occurrence, oral hygiene habits, and knowledge of dental care. Microbiological analysis was conducted on dental swabs to identify the causative organisms. Results revealed a higher prevalence of dental caries among males (74%) compared to females (26%), suggesting gender-related differences in oral hygiene behavior. Caries occurrence was more frequent among students aged 23–25 years, coinciding with reduced dental visits and poor brushing habits. Only a small proportion (40–55%) of participants demonstrated knowledge of regular dental checkups or practiced twice-daily brushing. Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus fermentum were the predominant bacteria isolated from carious lesions, confirming their etiological role in enamel demineralization and dentin destruction. The findings indicate that inadequate oral hygiene and low awareness of preventive care are major contributors to the burden of dental caries in the population. The study underscores the need for enhanced oral health education, regular dental screening, and behavioral change campaigns among tertiary students to reduce the prevalence of dental caries.