ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF MAIZE PRODUCTION IN AKKO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF GOMBE STATE, NIGERIA
Abstract
ABSTRACT
This study focused on the economic analysis of maize production in Akko Local Government
Area, Gombe State, Nigeria. A total of 133 respondents were selected through random sampling
from Kashere and Pindiga districts. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and
analyzed using descriptive statistics, gross margin analysis, and multiple regression.The socioeconomic analysis revealed that the majority of the farmers were male (79.7%), married
(74.4%), and within the active age bracket of 21–50 years. About 45% had no formal education,
while 68% did not belong to any cooperative society. The average farm size was 1 hectare, with
most farmers using local maize seeds, limited fertilizer, and household or hired labour.
Profitability analysis showed that maize farming was economically viable in the study area. The
average gross return was ₦510,000/ha against a variable cost of ₦152,100/ha, giving a gross
margin of ₦357,900/ha and a Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) of 3.35. This indicates that maize
production is highly profitable for smallholder farmers. Regression analysis identified farm size,
seed quantity, fertilizer, labour, and insecticide as significant (p < 0.01) factors positively
influencing output. Age had a negative but significant effect (p < 0.05), while farming experience
was positive and significant (p < 0.05). Other variables such as education, gender, and
household size showed positive but insignificant effects. The major constraints faced by farmers
were high cost of fertilizer (33.8%), pest and disease infestation (18.8%), lack of credit facilities
(15.8%), inadequate improved seeds, erratic rainfall, and poor extension services. The study
concludes that maize production in Akko LGA is profitable but limited by resource constraints. It
recommends improved access to subsidized inputs, farmer-friendly credit facilities, stronger
cooperative participation, and enhanced extension services to improve productivity and
profitability.
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