ASSESMENT OF THE EFFECT OF AFFORESTATION (TREE PLANTING) IN SEMI-ARID LANDSCAPE OF GOMBE METROPOLIST

ABSTRACT Afforestation is a vital environmental management strategy, especially in semi-arid regions like Gombe Metropolis, where land degradation, deforestation, and desertification pose significant threats. This study assesses the effects of afforestation on the environment and socio-economic conditions in Gombe Metropolis. The research evaluates the impact of afforestation on soil quality, water conservation, biodiversity, and community livelihoods. A mixed-method of primary and secondary data collection was employed, using field surveys and satellite imagery analysis. Data was collected from local farmers, and environmental experts using direct observations method. The study analyzed changes in vegetation cover, soil fertility, and socio-economic benefits linked to afforestation programs. Findings reveal that afforestation has significantly improved soil stability, reduced erosion, and enhanced biodiversity. Additionally, afforestation has contributed to economic benefits such as employment opportunities, fuelwood supply, and community participation in conservation activities. However, challenges such as water scarcity, poor policy enforcement, and land-use conflicts hinder the sustainability of afforestation efforts. The study concludes that afforestation is a crucial tool for environmental restoration and socio-economic development in Gombe Metropolis. It recommends strengthening afforestation policies, increasing community involvement, and adopting sustainable water management practices to enhance the effectiveness of afforestation programs in semi-arid regions.