OPTIMIZATION OF DEGUMMING OF CRUDE PALM KERNEL OIL (CPKO) USING LOCAL REAGENT (ORANGE PEEL)
Abstract
This study explores the use of orange peel (Citrus sinensis) as a natural and cost-effective reagent for degumming Crude Palm Kernel Oil (CPKO). Degumming is a critical preliminary step in oil refining to remove phospholipids that cause discoloration and undesirable odors. Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM), the study optimized three variables: reagent concentration, temperature, and stirring time. Results indicated that orange peel extract effectively reduced the phosphorus content from an initial high level to a significantly lower concentration, demonstrating its potential as an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic acids like phosphoric or citric acid.
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