MECHANOCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NICKEL(II) AND COPPER (LL) COMPLEX USING CIPROXFLOXACIN AS A LIGAND

ABSTRACT. --- This study details the efficient, solvent-free mechanochemical synthesis of novel nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes using ciprofloxacin as a ligand. The solid-state reaction was achieved by grinding metal acetates with the ligand using a mortar and pestle, adhering to green chemistry principles. The synthesized complexes were comprehensively characterized through a series of physicochemical analyses. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed successful complexation by revealing a shift in the vibrational frequencies of the ligand's carbonyl (C=O) and carboxylate (COO⁻) groups upon coordination to the metal centers. molar conductivity measurements in solution suggested the complexes' non-electrolytic nature, indicating that the anions are directly coordinated to the metal ions rather than being free in solution. Furthermore, solubility tests provided insights into the polarity of the complexes, while melting point determination showed a distinct decomposition temperature higher than that of the pure ligand, indicating enhanced thermal stability due to complex formation. The collective data from these analyses confirm the successful formation of the target metal complexes and provide crucial information on their bonding, stability, and physicochemical behavior.