THE DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF A PIEZOELECTRIC FLOOR TILE FOR INDOOR APPLICATIONS

In a world facing rising energy demands, diminishing fossil fuel reserves, and increasing climate instability, the search for innovative, sustainable power solutions has never been more urgent. Among the emerging technologies in the renewable energy landscape is piezoelectric energy harvesting—an approach that converts mechanical stress, such as human footsteps, into usable electrical energy. This thesis focuses on the design, fabrication, and performance evaluation of a piezoelectric floor tile system developed specifically for indoor applications, with a primary aim of supplementing low-energy devices in educational environments. The motivation for this project arises from the chronic energy supply challenges in Nigeria, where ambient and decentralized energy sources remain largely untapped despite growing electricity demands. By targeting pedestrian foot traffic as a renewable source, this project offers a practical solution to power small-scale systems such as sensors, microcontrollers, and LED indicators in buildings. The design integrates both upright and inverted piezoelectric configurations, strategically mounted on a multi-layered structure supported by cantilevers, vibration springs, and load-bearing mechanisms. Advanced fabrication techniques, including 3D printing and spot welding, were employed alongside traditional machining to develop a modular system. A total of 24 piezoelectric discs were arranged in a series-parallel configuration, supported by vibration-enhancing magnetic and mechanical features. The system also incorporates real-time feedback via LED indicators and a step counter, enhancing its educational and interactive appeal. Testing under a 50 kg load revealed a peak output of 12.8V and 163.8mW, confirming the system’s capability to convert human mechanical input into useful electrical energy. This study not only validates the effectiveness of piezoelectric floor tiles for micro-energy generation but also demonstrates the potential for their integration into smart infrastructure across developing nations. The results support wider implementation in schools, hospitals, and office spaces where continuous foot traffic can be leveraged as a renewable energy source. The project contributes to the growing body of research on sustainable energy technologies, aligning with global goals for clean, affordable, and inclusive energy access.