PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETER AND MICROBIAL ANALYSIS OF CARIAS GARIEPINUS PONDS IN BOJI BOJI AGBOR, DELTA STATE

This study evaluated the physicochemical properties and microbial composition of water from three Clarias gariepinus ponds—Reliance Pond, University Pond, and Orogodo Pond—in Agbor Metropolis, Nigeria. Significant variations were observed across all ponds. While temperature, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), and salinity remained within acceptable aquaculture limits, critical deviations were noted in pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) levels. Reliance Pond recorded an abnormally high pH (35.33 ± 0.85), far above the optimal range, indicating potential chemical contamination or measurement errors. Dissolved oxygen levels were critically low in all ponds, particularly in Orogodo Pond (0.15 ± 0.02 mg/L), posing a severe threat to fish survival. Microbial analysis revealed the presence of five bacterial genera, with Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae—indicators of fecal and environmental contamination—found in Reliance and Orogodo ponds, respectively. Staphylococcus and Streptococcus spp. were common to all sites, while Bacillus cereus was detected only in University Pond. These findings underscore the need for consistent monitoring, better pond management, and sanitation practices to ensure sustainable aquaculture and minimize public health risks. The study offers essential baseline data for aquaculture stakeholders and environmental managers in the region.