HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATION AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT IN GOMBE STATE: A STUDY OF BANNED ON OKADA IN GOMBE METROPOLIS

ABSTRACT This study examines the human rights implications and socio-economic consequences of the ban on commercial motorcycle (Okada) operations in Gombe Metropolis, Gombe State, Nigeria. Anchored on the constitutional right to freedom of movement and international human rights instruments, the research investigates the tension between state-imposed security measures and the protection of fundamental freedoms. The ban, justified by the government on grounds of public safety, security, and urban order, has precipitated significant challenges to mobility, livelihood, and access to essential services. Employing a descriptive survey design, quantitative data were collected from 392 respondents in Gombe Metropolis using a structured questionnaire. Findings reveal that the enforcement of the ban has led to notable human rights violations, including unlawful arrests, excessive use of force by security agents, and confiscation of property without due process. Furthermore, the restriction has severely curtailed freedom of movement, resulting in increased travel time, reduced transportation options, and difficulty in accessing markets, healthcare, and educational institutions. The socio-economic impact is profound, characterized by loss of livelihood for Okada operators, decreased household income, heightened transport costs for commuters, and negative effects on small-scale businesses. While respondents acknowledged security concerns, the study found a significant disconnect between the government’s justification for the ban and its alignment with constitutional provisions guaranteeing freedom of movement. The policy was implemented with limited public consultation, exacerbating public dissatisfaction. The study concludes that the Okada ban, in its current form, disproportionately infringes on human rights and exacerbates socio-economic hardship. It recommends a rights-based approach to policy enforcement, robust stakeholder engagement, the provision of alternative transportation solutions, and socio-economic support programs for affected populations to ensure a balance between public security and the protection of fundamental human rights.