IN VITRO EVALUATION OF SELECTED PLANT EXTRACTS AGAINST BACTERIAL SPECK OF TOMATO CAUSED BY (PSEUDOMONAS SYRINGAE PV. TOMATO)
Abstract
Bacterial speck disease of tomato is a destructive pathogen affecting agricultural crops, resulting in significant yield losses and economic implications whereas conventionally used chemical bactericides have been effective for the management of this disease however pose environmental and health hazards, prompting the search for eco-friendly alternatives. This study was conducted to analyze the phytochemical composition of Siam weed and Neem leaf extract as well as evaluate their antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas syringae Pv. tomato the causal organism of bacterial speck disease in vitro. Infected tomato samples were collected from Ladoke Akintola Teaching and Research Farm, Ogbomoso, Oyo state, Nigeria. The experiment had the following treatments: Neem leaf extract 12.5% and 25% concentration, Siam weed extract 12.5% and 25% concentration, streptomycin and non-treated plates(control) all replicated three times. Phytochemical analysis result for Neem leaf and Siam weed showed that they both had Alkaloid, Tannins, Saponins, Glycosides, Cardiac glycosides, Phenols, Steroids, and Anthraquinones in varied quantities. Data were collected on the number of bacterial colonies for the evaluation of Siam weed and Neem leaf extract for three days and the data collected were subjected to analysis of variance while means were separated using Duncan’s multiple range test at 5% level of probability. The results obtained from the experiment demonstrated variation among all treatments however two plant extracts showed significant inhibitory effects on the growth of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. Siam weed extract at 25% concentration had the best inhibitory effect on the growth of the pathogen. It was concluded that both Siam weed and Neem leaf extracts would be of great benefit for the control of bacterial speck of tomato however, this study recommends that further research be carried out under field conditions.
Keywords: Tomato, Pseudomonas, Siam weed, Neem leaf, Bacterial speck.
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