EFFECT OF HIGH DOSE OF SUB CHRONIC ETHANOL INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS IN RATS KIDNEY

ABSTRACT Alcohol is the most widely used psychoactive substance, and its use remains a significant public health concern. Chronic and excessive alcohol consumption may accelerate oxidative mechanism directly or indirectly, which eventually produces kidney cell death and tissue damage, in Chronic kidney disease patients elevated levels of oxidative stress have been observed due to the impairment of their physiological defense mechanisms, this can cause oxidative damage to nuclei acids, resulting in increased risk for the onset of subsequent tumor. Therefore, this study aims to look into the effect of sub chronic dose of alcohol on kidney oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is an imbalance between the generation of oxidant and anti-oxidant defense capacity of the body has been proposed to cause damage to the heart. In this study, the effect of high dose of sub chronic ethanol induced oxidative stress in rats kidney were investigated, the weighed rats were divided into five groups: Group A received 20% ethanol and normal diet, group B received 40% ethanol and normal diets, Group C received 20% and high protein diet, Group D received 40% and high protein diet, Group E received high protein diet only. Administration was done orally for a period of three months after which they were sacrificed by longitudinal dissection. Blood sample were taken by cardiac puncture and dispense into sterile anti-coagulants bottles and use for bio chemical assay, organs including kidney were collected and washed free of blood with a buffer solution of a pH of 7.0,the Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Activity, Catalase Activity (CAT), Malondialdehyde (MDA) Concentration , Reduced Glutathione (GSH) Concentration were determined. The results showed an increase in the MDA concentration in the group treated 40% ethanol only group when compared to the control group, there was a significant increase in MDA concentration in the group treated with 40% ethanol only. Decreased GSH Concentration, SOD and Catalase Activities were observed with 20% ethanol and 40% ethanol only in the group when compared to the control group The group that received higher dose i.e 40% ethanol only group showed a significant decrease when compared to the control group. It is concluded that high doses of sub chronic ethanol altered kidney activities, increased lipid peroxidation concentration, decreased level of Catalase and SOD Activities and GSH concentration altered the oxidative stress.