ANTIBACTERIAL EFFICIENCY OF ORANGE (CITRUS SINENSIS) STEM EXTRACT AGAINST ESCHERICHIA COLI AND STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREU
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Orange bark extract has been used for medicinal purposes in various African
societies for centuries. This is due to the presence of bioactive compounds in its
stem bark. This study aimed to assess the antimicrobial efficiency of Orange
(Citrus sinensis) stem extract against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus
aureus. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were most susceptible to
methanolic extracts of Orange (Citrus sinensis) stem with 22.0±1.0 and 25.0±1.0
mm respectively at 500 mg/ml. Zone diameters of inhibition of the aqueous and
methanolic extracts of Orange (Citrus sinensis) stem against Escherichia coli
varied from 14.0±1.0 to 21.0±1.0 mm and 17.0±1.2 to 22.0±1.0 mm respectively
while those of Staphylococcus aureus varied from 15.0±1.0 to 22.0±1.0 mm and
17.5±1.0 to 25.0±1.0 mm respectively. Both aqueous and methanolic extracts had
MICs of 125 mg/ml against S. aureus, while E. coli required a higher MIC of 250
mg/ml. The methanolic extract achieved a minimum bactericidal concentration
(MBC) of 250 mg/ml against S. aureus, aligning with the standard antibiotic's
performance. This indicates the potential of the methanolic extract not only to
inhibit bacterial growth but also to effectively kill the bacteria at higher
concentrations. To harness the pharmaceutical potential of Orange (Citrus
sinensis) stem, research should focus on isolating and characterizing the bioactive
compounds responsible for the observed antibacterial activity, optimizing
extraction methods, and conducting in vivo studies to assess their safety and
efficacy.
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