LARVICIDAL ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF AQEUOUS FLOWER EXTRACT OF THEVETIA NERIIFOLA AGAINST ANOPHELES GAMBIAE LARVAE

ABSTRACT Mosquito-borne diseases remain a significant global health challenge, with Anopheles gambiae serving as the primary vector of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. The widespread use of synthetic insecticides has led to resistance, environmental contamination, and public health concerns, highlighting the need for eco-friendly alternatives. This study evaluated the larvicidal activity and phytochemical composition of aqueous flower extract of Thevetia neriifolia against An. gambiae larvae. Plant samples were collected from Tafawa Balewa Local Government Area, Bauchi State, Nigeria, and subjected to phytochemical screening. Qualitative analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and steroids. Larvicidal bioassays were conducted using World Health Organization (WHO) protocols at concentrations ranging from 10–50%, with mortality monitored over 1, 2, 3, and 24 hours. Results demonstrated a concentration- and time-dependent larvicidal effect, with the highest mortality recorded at 40–50% concentrations after 24 hours. These findings indicate that Thevetia neriifolia flower extract contains bioactive compounds with strong larvicidal properties, supporting its potential as a botanical alternative to conventional insecticides. The study provides a scientific basis for the traditional use of Thevetia neriifolia in pest control and highlights its promise in integrated vector management programs. Further research is recommended to isolate the active constituents, elucidate their mechanisms of action, and assess safety for non-target organisms and the environment.