CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF POLITICAL VIOLENCE IN KADUNA STATE METROPOLIS (2019)

ABSTRACT This study examined the causes and effects of political violence in Kaduna State Metropolis with reference to the 2019 general elections. Political violence has continued to undermine democratic processes and socio-economic stability in Nigeria. The objectives of the study were to identify the major causes of political violence, examine its socio-economic effects on residents, and assess measures adopted to curb political violence in the study area. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. Data were collected through structured questionnaires administered to residents of Kaduna North and Kaduna South Local Government Areas, while secondary data were sourced from relevant textbooks, journals, and reports. Simple random sampling was used, and data were analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques. Findings revealed that youth unemployment, poverty, political manipulation, weak law enforcement, ethnic and religious sentiments, and corruption were major drivers of political violence. The effects included loss of lives and property, displacement, disruption of economic activities, psychological trauma, and weakened democratic participation. The study concluded that political violence poses a serious threat to peace and development in Kaduna Metropolis and recommended youth empowerment, strict