GODFATHERISM AND DEMOCRATIC PROCESS IN NIGERIA'S FOURTH REPUBLIC (2016-2023)

Abstract : This study examines the phenomenon of godfatherism and its impact on the democratic process in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic from 2016 to 2023. Utilizing the Elite Theory as the theoretical framework, the research investigates how powerful political elites, often referred to as godfathers, manipulate electoral processes to maintain their influence and control over political offices. The study employs a qualitative methodology, relying on secondary sources such as academic journals, books, reports, and credible online articles to gather data. The findings reveal that godfatherism significantly undermines the integrity of elections through practices such as vote-buying, voter intimidation, and electoral fraud, thereby eroding public confidence in the democratic process. Specific case studies, including the gubernatorial elections in states like Kogi and Lagos, illustrate the pervasive influence of political godfathers in determining electoral outcomes. The study also identifies various patterns and implications of godfatherism, highlighting its detrimental effects on democratic consolidation, governance, and socio-economic development in Nigeria. Furthermore, the research discusses strategies for mitigating the negative impacts of godfatherism, emphasizing the need for comprehensive legal reforms, strengthening democratic institutions, promoting civic education, enhancing internal democracy within political parties, and fostering socio-economic development. The study concludes that addressing the issue of godfatherism is crucial for achieving a transparent, accountable, and inclusive democratic process in Nigeria.