DEVELOPMENT OF AUTOMATED CLIMATE CONTROL AND MONITORING SYSTEM FOR GREENHOUSE FARMING

ABSTRACT Greenhouse farming plays a vital role in enhancing agricultural productivity by creating a controlled environment that optimizes temperature, humidity, and soil moisture. However, traditional irrigation systems often result in water wastage and high energy consumption. This project presented an Automated Climate Control and Monitoring System using an Arduino microcontroller, designed to improve efficiency in greenhouse farming. The system monitored key parameters using DHT11 and capacitive soil moisture sensors and controls actuators such as fans and pumps based on preset thresholds. It promoted sustainable agriculture by reducing manual labor, conserving resources, and ensuring optimal plant growth conditions. This project presented the design and implementation of an automated greenhouse system aimed at enhancing agricultural productivity through the application of embedded systems and sensor-based control. The system utilized microcontrollers, temperature and humidity sensors, soil moisture sensors, and actuators to monitor and regulate essential environmental conditions required for optimal plant growth. By automating irrigation, ventilation, and temperature control, the system reduced the need for manual intervention and improves resource efficiency. The greenhouse was programmed to respond to real-time environmental data, triggering actuators such as water pumps and extractor fan based on pre-set thresholds. This not only conserved water and energy but also ensured a consistent and conducive growth environment for plants. The design was simulated and implemented successfully, confirming its ability to maintain desired conditions without human supervision. The system activated the fan at a temperature threshold of 35.92 °C and the pump when soil moisture dropped to 0 (dry condition). Optimal control was observed as temperature reduced to 30.91 °C and soil moisture returned to 1 (wet) by 10:00 am. The outcomes of the project demonstrated the potential of integrating electronics, programming, and agricultural systems to address food security and environmental sustainability. To enhance the system’s effectiveness, future improvements may include integrating GSM or Wi-Fi modules for remote monitoring, scaling the system for larger farms, and optimizing battery performance. Additionally, incorporating rainwater harvesting can further promote sustainability and reduce dependency on external water sources. The project also served as a scalable model for precision agriculture, particularly in regions where access to skilled labor and modern equipment is limited.