DESALINATION OF PRODUCED WATER USING MAGNETIC NAYOPARTICLES

ABSTRACT This research investigated the feasibility of desalinating produced water from the Niger Delta using magnetic nanoparticles (FesOs) as a novel and cost-effective alternative to conventional desalination methods. Produced water samples were sourced directly from oil field separators, characterized for physicochemical properties, and analyzed for dominant ions such as chloride, magnesium, carbonate, and calcium. Magnetite nanoparticles, coated with cationic surfactant, were synthesized and integrated into a polyester membrane to fabricate a magnetic nano-filter. Batch-scale experiments were performed by subjecting five water samples with varying salinity levels to magnetic nanoparticle membrane separation, and performance was assessed based on salt concentration reduction, separation efficiency, permeation flux, and contact angle. Results revealed a significant decline in salt concentration, with an average of 97% removal efficiency and separation performance ranging from 95.7% to 98.7%, depending on salinity and pressure conditions. Membrane surface analysis further confirmed hydrophilic characteristics and secure nanoparticle attachment, which facilitated selective salt removal. The findings demonstrate that magnetic nanoparticle membranes outperform polymeric membranes, offering high separation efficiency, reusability, and minimal secondary contamination. The study concludes that produced water in the Niger Delta remains unsuitable for direct disposal or reinjection without treatment due 1o excessive salinity and heavy metal content, but magnetic nano-filtration provides a viable solution. It is recommended that petroleum and environmental engineering industries adopt magnetic nanoparticle desalination Jor produced water treatment, alongside regular monitoring of effluents, to ensure compliance with regulatory standards and enhance freshwater recovery for sustainable use. b