ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECT OF GARLIC EXTRACT ON SOME PATHOGENIC BACTERIA

The study on antibacterial effect of garlic extract on some pathogenic bacteria. Paper disc diffusion and well diffusion method was used; Bello et al. (2023), Patra et al. (2020). Results shows 25% aqueous extract against E. coli (disc 3, well 5mm), S. typhi (disc 4, well 6mm), S. aureus (disc 5, well 8), 50% aqueous extract E. coli (disc 9, well 10), S. typhi (disc 10, well 11), S. aureus (disc 12, well 13), 75% aqueous extract E. coli (disc 17, well 18), S. typhi (disc 19, well 20) and S. aureus (disc 20, well 21) while 100% aqueous extract E. coli (disc 22, well 23), S. typhi (disc 25, well 26), S. aureus (disc 26, well 27). On ethanol extracts, 25% E. coli (disc 4, well 7), S. typhi (disc 5, well 8), S. aureus (disc 6, well 10), 50% E. coli (disc 11, well 13), S typhi (disc 13, well 15) and S. aureus (disc 14, well 16), for 75% E. coli (disc 20, well 21), S. typhi (disc 21, well 23) and S. aureus (disc 22, well 24), while in 100% E. coli (disc 24, well 26), S. typhi (disc 27, well 28) and S. aureus (disc 27, well 29) respectively. The control discs shows, Ciprofloxacin against E. coli 25 IZD, S. typhi 26 IZD and S. aureus 27 IZD while Tobramycin against E. coli 26 IZD, S. typhi 27 IZD and S. aureus 29 IZD respectively. The 100% concentrations shows more effects on both extract, none the less ethanol extract (in well diffusion method) against S. aureus reacted more with 29mm (IZD) as well as Tobramycin (control) while 25% for all isolates shows both extracts (aqueous and ethanol) on disc diffusion method with little IZD compared to well diffusion method with slightly high IZD. Also, well diffusion method shows slightly higher IZD (mm) in all concentrations compared to disc diffusion method which could be as a results of higher volume of extract. E. coli is a rod-shaped bacilli, gram (-) bacteria and Indole (+), Catalase (+) and Motility (+) and then, S. typhi is a gram (-) rod-shaped bacilli, Indole (-), Catalase (+) and Motility (+) while S. aureus indicates a gram (+) cocci in cluster shape with a purple colour and Indole (-), Catalase (+) and Motility (-).garlic demonstrates antibacterial activity on both Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria. It’s recommended that further studies should focus more on advantages of garlic especially the clinical applications. Keys: Antibacterial Effect, Garlic, Aqueous Extract, Ethanol Extract, Pathogenic bacteria and Inhibitory Zone Diameter (IZD).