EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF AZADIRACHTA INDICA (NEEM PLANT) ON SELECTED BACTERIA
Abstract
Azadirachta indica (Neem) belonging to Meliaceae family is very important medicinal plant which is traditionally used to treat different diseases. The therapeutics role of a number of plants in diseases management is still being enthusiastically researched due to their less side effect and affordable properties. It is a cross sectional study aimed at evaluating antibacterial activities of Azadirachta Indica on selected bacteria The Neem leaves were obtained from Ahia Nkwo market, washed, dried, and grounded. Ethanol and aqueous solution was used for its extraction. A total of 4 known bacteria isolates: Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Eschericha coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of aqueous and ethanolic Neem extract using agar disc diffusion method. Antibacterial activity on the isolates at 0.5mg/ml to 2.0mg/ml of the aqueous neem extract were susceptible at zone of inhibition 1mm-7mm while at 0.25mg/ml there was resistance. Eschericha coli was resistance to all concentrations of aqueous neem extract. At 0.5mg/ml to 2.0mg/ml of the aqueous neem extract most of the isolates were susceptible at zone of inhibition 2mm-10mm while at 0.25mg/ml there was resistance. Eschericha coli was resistance to all concentrations of ethanolic neem extract. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was observed at 0.5mg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 0.25mg/ml and Escherichia coli at 2mg/ml on the Neem ethanol and aqueous extract, these shows an antimicrobial activity against the microorganisms. This study showed that ethanolic extracts from Azadirachta indica possess antibacterial activity against selected bacteria
compared to the aqueous extract. Thus, the results of this study have established its medicinal in bacteria vaginosis and other infections of bacteria origin. Also, the emerging healthcare product companies in Nigeria can explore the option of using raw materials from Neem in manufacturing newer products.
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