INFLUENCE OF HEALTH AND SAFETY PRACTICES ON COST AND TIME PERFORMANCE OF CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN ABUJA, NIGERIA
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The construction industry in Nigeria is characterized by high accident rates and poor safety compliance, which significantly impact project outcomes. Despite growing recognition of occupational health and safety as a core determinant of project success, compliance remains low within Nigeria's construction sector, often resulting in accidents, delays, and cost overruns. This study investigates the influence of health and safety (H&S) practices on cost and time performance of construction projects in Abuja, Nigeria. The study adopted a quantitative descriptive survey design, using structured questionnaires distributed to 100 construction professionals including quantity surveyors, engineers, project managers, and safety officers. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as mean scores and ranking methods. Findings revealed that the most common safety practices include the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), safety induction and training, regular toolbox meetings, and provision of first aid facilities. Major challenges hindering effective safety implementation were identified as limited training, lack of management commitment, weak enforcement by regulators, and high cost of safety measures. Results further indicated that safety practices have a significant positive influence on both time and cost performance, as projects with strong safety management systems recorded fewer delays and reduced financial losses due to accidents and rework. The study concludes that adopting proactive health and safety practices enhances project efficiency, reduces costs, and ensures timely delivery. Practically, the findings provide construction stakeholders with evidence-based insights for integrating safety as a strategic investment rather than a cost burden. Theoretically, the study contributes to the body of knowledge on safety-performance relationships in developing construction economies. It recommends stronger management commitment, improved safety training
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