OPTIMIZING PATIENT DOSE ESTIMATION IN X-RAY DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES: CASE STUDIES ON TERTIARY HOSPITALS IN EKITI STATE

ABSTRACT The increasing use of diagnostic X-ray procedures in modern healthcare has raised significant concerns regarding patient exposure to ionizing radiation and its associated health risks. This study examines the optimization of patient radiation dose in diagnostic X-ray imaging, with a focus on maintaining a balance between radiation safety and image quality. The research explores variations in exposure parameters such as tube voltage, current, and exposure time, and how these factors influence patient dose and diagnostic outcomes.A descriptive analytical approach was adopted through an extensive review of existing literature, international guidelines, and radiation protection standards. The study highlights the fundamental principles of radiation protection—justification and optimization—as recommended by regulatory bodies, emphasizing their role in minimizing unnecessary exposure. It further evaluates dose monitoring strategies and the implementation of advanced imaging technologies designed to reduce radiation risks without compromising diagnostic efficiency. Findings from the study reveal that improper selection of exposure parameters, lack of standardized protocols, and limited awareness among radiology personnel contribute significantly to unnecessary radiation exposure. Conversely, the adoption of dose optimization techniques, regular equipment calibration, staff training, and adherence to international safety guidelines significantly improve patient safety outcomes.The study concludes that effective optimization of patient dose in diagnostic radiography is achievable through a combination of technological advancement, regulatory compliance, and professional competence. It recommends the establishment of standardized protocols, continuous training for radiology personnel, and the integration of dose- tracking systems in healthcare facilities. These measures are essential for enhancing radiation safety, improving diagnostic quality, and reducing the long-term risks associated with ionizing radiation exposure.