ELECTION AND ELECTIONEERING IN AFRICA: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ELECTORAL PROCESS IN NIGERIA AND SOUTH AFRICA
Abstract
ABSTRACT
This study presents a comparative analysis of the electoral processes in Nigeria and South Africa, two of Africa’s most prominent democracies with divergent political trajectories and institutional designs. Utilising a qualitative methodology and grounded in democratic theory, the research explores how historical legacies, electoral systems, institutional frameworks, and sociopolitical dynamics shape election administration and democratic outcomes in both nations. While Nigeria’s first-past-the-post system is marred by electoral malpractice, ethno-religious polarization, and systemic violence, South Africa’s proportional representation framework exhibits procedural robustness but faces challenges such as voter apathy, party dominance, and declining political trust. The role of electoral management bodies INEC and IEC civil society, media, and legal frameworks are analyzed to assess the credibility and inclusiveness of elections. Findings reveal that Nigeria struggles with operational inefficiencies and political interference, whereas South Africa, despite institutional strength, grapples with democratic stagnation and representational detachment. The study concludes with actionable recommendations for strengthening electoral governance across the continent, emphasizing institutional independence, legal reforms, civic engagement, and cross-national learning.
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