ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF FUNGI FROM SPOILED ORANGES

ABSTRACT This study investigated the isolation and identification of fungi associated with the spoilage of oranges sold in Gadau market, Bauchi State. A total of five spoiled orange samples were collected and analyzed using standard microbiological procedures. The samples were cultured on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), and pure isolates were obtained through subculturing. Macroscopic and microscopic characteristics were used to identify the fungal species present. The results revealed that five genera of fungi were associated with the spoiled oranges: Aspergillus niger (25%), Rhizopus stolonifer (25%), Penicillium spp. (20%), Fusarium spp. (20%), and Aspergillus flavus (10%). The high prevalence of Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus stolonifer suggests that these fungi are major contributors to orange spoilage in the study area. The occurrence of Fusarium spp. and Aspergillus flavus is particularly significant due to their potential production of mycotoxins, which pose health risks to consumers. This study concludes that fungal spoilage of oranges is a common phenomenon that leads to economic losses and potential health hazards. It is recommended that proper post-harvest handling, storage, and transportation practices be adopted to reduce fungal contamination. Furthermore, awareness campaigns on the dangers of consuming spoiled fruits should be intensified, and future research should consider molecular techniques for more precise identification of fungi.