THE EFFECT OF CRUDE EXTRACT OF ALLIUM SATIVUM ON THE "CEREBRAL CORTEX" OF ADULT FEMALE ALBINO RATS FOLLOWING FORMALIN INHALATION TOXICITY

pormalin, a commonly used preservative and disinfectant, is known to induce neurotoxicity through oxidative stress, neuronal degeneration, and apoptosis, particularly in the cerebral cortex, a region critical for higher cognitive functions, This study evaluated the protective effect of crude extract of Alltum sativum (partic) on the cerebral cortex of adult female albino rats exposed to formalin inhalation toxicity. Twenty cats were divided into four experimental groups, Group | were Control, Group [I received Formalin only, Group 11 received Formalin + Garlic Extract and Group IV were Garlic Extract only. Histological analysis using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining revealed normal cortical cytoarchitecture in control groups, while formalin-exposed rats displayed spotty lesions, neuronal degeneration, and encephalopathic tissue changes. Conversely, rats treated with Allium sativum extract following formalin exposure exhibited relatively preserved neuronal structure, suggesting a neuroprotective effect. The protective role of garlic is attributed to its bioactive organosulfur compounds with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that counteract reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation, These findings are consistent with previous reports highlighting garlic’s neuroprotective potential against chemical-induced brain damage. In conclusion, Allium sativum crude extract significantly ameliorates formalin-induced histopathological alterations in the cerebral cortex, supporting its potential use as a natural therapeutic agent in mitigating environmental neurotoxicity.