REVIEW OF THERMAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN AN AUTOMOBILE VEHICLE
Abstract
The increasing demand for energy-efficient and environmentally friendly vehicles has made
thermal management systems (TMS) a critical component in modern automobiles. This review
examines the principles, design, and performance of TMS in both internal combustion engine
(ICE) and electric vehicles (EVs). Key factors such as coolant flow rate, heat exchanger
design, material selection, and ambient temperature are discussed in relation to their impact on
system efficiency and reliability. The study also explores recent advancements, including phase
change materials, dual-loop systems, and the integration of artificial intelligence for predictive
thermal management. Despite significant progress, challenges such as system integration, cost,
and environmental impact persist. The review concludes with recommendations for future
research and development to enhance the effectiveness and sustainability of automotive
thermal management systems.
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