EFFECTS OF FICUS GLUMOSA ON ALP AND GGT LEVELS IN CADMIUM-INDUCED LIVER CIRRHOSIS IN WISTAR RATS
Abstract
Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal known to induce oxidative stress and hepatocellular injury, often reflected in abnormal liver enzyme activities. This study evaluated the ameliorative effect of Ficus glumosa leaf extract on alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels in Wistar rats exposed to cadmium. Thirty rats were divided into treatment groups receiving different doses of F. glumosa extract (FG1, FG2, FG3), a normal control, and a negative control (cadmium only). After 28 days of treatment, rats were fasted overnight and sacrificed under light anesthesia. Blood was collected by cardiac puncture, processed for serum, and analyzed for biochemical parameters, while liver tissues were excised for biochemical assays and histopathological examination. The results indicated that cadmium exposure significantly elevated ALP (130.2 ± 5.67 b IU/L) and GGT (86.0 ± 4.11 c) compared to the normal control (ALP: 84.7 ± 28.0 a; GGT: 43.6 ± 5.0 a). Treatment with F. glumosa extract markedly reduced ALP values across FG1–FG3 (73.2–79.8 a IU/L), which were statistically comparable to the normal control (p < 0.05), demonstrating hepatoprotective potential. For GGT, FG2 (44.4 ± 2.88 b) and FG3 (39.2 ± 8.80 b) were similar to the normal control, while FG1 (20.8 ± 4.20a) was significantly lower, suggesting enhanced regulatory modulation. These findings indicate that Ficus glumosa extract effectively mitigates cadmium-induced alterations in liver enzymes, restoring them toward normal levels.
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