SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF IRON-BASED NANOPARTICLE USING WATERMELON PEELS EXTRACT

Traditional chemical methods for synthesizing iron-based nanoparticles are often expensive and involve harmful reducing agents, posing significant environmental risks. This research explores an eco-friendly and cost-effective alternative that utilizes agricultural waste. The objective of this study was to successfully produce an Fe-based nanoparticle using an aqueous extract from watermelon peels (Citrullus lanatus) and assess its basic characteristics. Watermelon peels were sourced from Ugbomro Market in Delta State, cleaned, dried, and ground. An aqueous extract was prepared and utilized as both a reducing and stabilizing agent. The nanoparticle was formed by introducing the peel extract to a 0.1M FeCl3.6H2O solution, which was subsequently precipitated using 1M NaOH. UV-Vis Spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, and SEM-EDX Analysis were employed to characterize the resulting material. The significant findings confirmed successful synthesis. XRD analysis indicated that the crystalline structure of the nanoparticles is composed of magnetite (Fe3O4). The FTIR spectrum showed the existence of O-H (hydroxyl) and C=O (carbonyl) functional groups, suggesting that the nanoparticles were effectively capped by phytochemicals from the peel extract. Additionally, the EDX analysis quantified the hybrid nature of the material, revealing substantial mass percentages of iron (52.29 wt%), oxygen (22.23 wt%), and carbon (21.79 wt%). The analysis of these results indicates that watermelon peel extract is a highly effective agent for the eco-friendly production of a stable nanoparticle. In summary, this research showcases a simple and environmentally friendly approach to creating a valuable nanomaterial from plentiful agricultural byproducts. Future studies should explore the possible uses of this novel material, including catalysis or environmental cleanup.