EFFECTS OF RED VELVET COLORING (E129 & E110) ON THE LIVER OF MALE WISTAR RATS
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Food additives, including artificial colorings, are widely used in the food industry to enhance the appearance and appeal of food products. However, concerns have been raised about the potential health impacts of these additives. This study investigates the potential hepatotoxic effects of red velvet colouring—comprising Allura Red AC (E129) and Sunset Yellow (E110)—on the liver of Wistar rats. Forty male rats were randomly divided into five groups, receiving varying doses (50–400 mg/kg) of the red velvet colouring for 14 days. Biochemical markers such as liver enzymes (Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), oxidative stress indicators (Malondialdehyde (MDA), Reduced glutathione level (GSH), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase), and inflammatory markers (Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), Interluekin-6 (IL-6), Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX 2) were measured. The results revealed statistically significant dose-dependent alterations in liver enzyme activities, elevated oxidative stress, and increased inflammatory responses. Conclusively, these findings suggest that red velvet colouring can induce liver toxicity through oxidative and inflammatory mechanisms.
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