EFFECT OF CAFFEINATED DRINKS ON THE HISTOKIDNEY OF ALBINO RAT

ABSTRACT Energy drinks are non-alcoholic, often lightly carbonated beverages that are designed to give the consumer a burst of energy by the addition of a number of energy enhancing ingredients, most notably caffeine. The main ingredient of energy drinks associated with diuresis and fluid-electrolyte balance is caffeine, although taurine is also associated with osmoregulation, detoxification and bile acid conjugation. Caffeine stimulates renal glomerular filtration and inhibits reabsorption of sodium within nephrons thereby stimulating an increased sodium and water excretion. The aim of the study is to conduct a study on the effect of caffeinated drinks on the histopathological parameters of Albino rat. The brand of energy drinks used in the present study was “Fearless and Predator”, It was purchased from a local store in Saki West Local Government, Oyo State. Thirty Five (35) adult albino rats (mean weight = 115.5g) were kept in the Animal House. The rats were acclimatized under a 12h/12h light/dark photoperiod and under normal, healthy laboratory conditions at a mean temperature of 25 ± 2 °C. The experiments were carried out in line with the recommendations of International Laboratory Animal Use and Care. The Fearless group exhibited mild to moderate renal changes, primarily limited to congestion. Conversely, the Predator group demonstrated significant tubular necrosis, interstitial fibrosis, and glomerular pathology, particularly at higher concentrations (B and C). There should be check on free availability of these drinks as they are hazardous and their sale should be limited. Regarding amount of caffeine in energy drinks and their psychological dependence awareness programs are necessary. Sale of energy drinks should be banned especially in children and youngsters, legislations should be made by the government.