ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY AND THE PREVALENCE OF GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA IN URINE
Abstract
This study assessed the antimicrobial susceptibility and prevalence of Gram-negative bacteria isolated from urine samples collected at three different hospitals in Offa, Kwara State. The total heterotrophic bacterial count revealed a high microbial load across all samples, with colony-forming units ranging from 9.0 × 10⁶ to 11.2 × 10⁷ cfu/ml. Cultural and biochemical analyses identified predominant Gram-negative bacterial isolates including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella spp., and Enterococcus faecalis. The isolates showed diverse biochemical characteristics and varying reactions to glucose, lactose, sucrose, and other indicators. Antibiotic susceptibility testing demonstrated significant resistance among the isolates, with some showing resistance to commonly used antibiotics such as SXT, CN, and AM, while moderate susceptibility was observed to APA and CPX in a few cases. These results reflect the alarming presence of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative uropathogens in the study area and underscore the urgent need for improved diagnostic monitoring, antibiotic stewardship, and infection control practices in healthcare settings.
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