THE EFFECTS OF SUNLIGHT IN DISINFECTING OF WATER FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES WITH CASE STUDY IN REGARDS TO IHIALA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ANAMBRA STATE NIGERIA” I

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the effectiveness of sunlight in disinfecting water from various sources within Ihiala Local Government Area (LGA) of Anambra State, Nigeria. Waterborne diseases are prevalent in this region due to inadequate access to clean water. The research assesses the potential of solar disinfection (SODIS) as a low-cost and sustainable water treatment method.The primary objectives include determining the microbial load (specifically bacterial and viral contaminants) in water samples sourced from diverse locations like boreholes, wells, rivers, and rainwater in Ihiala LGA. Additionally, the study aims to evaluate the impact of exposure to sunlight on water quality by monitoring changes in microbial content pre- and post-SODIS treatment.The investigation employs both quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative analysis involves assessing microbial counts using standard microbiological techniques such as membrane filtration and agar plate culture methods. The qualitative aspect includes assessing water quality parameters (pH, turbidity, temperature) and potential hindrances to SODIS effectiveness (e.g., cloud cover, water container characteristics).The research contributes to existing literature by providing insights into the applicability of SODIS in rural Nigerian settings. Findings from this study will aid in recommending practical and sustainable water treatment solutions suitable for communities like Ihiala LGA, potentially reducing the burden of waterborne diseases.The study utilizes a systematic sampling approach to collect water samples from various sources across Ihiala LGA, ensuring representation of both urban and rural areas. Sampling locations are selected based on population density, predominant water sources, and potential contamination risks. Water samples are collected in sterile containers and transported to the laboratory for initial microbial analysis.In the laboratory, water samples undergo baseline testing for key microbial indicators such as total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and E. coli using appropriate culture-based methods. Turbidity, pH, and temperature measurements are also recorded to assess initial water quality parameters.Following baseline testing, water samples are subjected to solar disinfection (SODIS) treatment under controlled conditions. Transparent PET bottles filled with water are exposed to sunlight for a specified duration, with regular monitoring of solar exposure conditions (e.g., irradiance levels, weather patterns).Post-treatment, water samples undergo additional microbial analysis to assess the efficacy of SODIS in reducing microbial contaminants. Comparative analysis between pre- and post-treatment microbial counts provides insights into the effectiveness of sunlight as a disinfection method for different water sources.The study also investigates potential challenges and limitations associated with implementing SODIS in the local context, including cultural acceptability, community engagement, and pr