POLITICS OF FUEL SUBSIDY REMOVAL AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA A CASE STUDY OF LAGOS, OGUN, AND OSUN STATES IN THE SOUTH-WEST ZONE

Abstract Fuel subsidy removal has remained one of the most contentious public policy issues in Nigeria, generating intense political debate and widespread socio-economic implications. This study examines the politics of fuel subsidy removal and its relationship with sustainable development in Nigeria, using Lagos, Ogun, and Osun States in the South-West geopolitical zone as case studies. The research explores the political motivations behind subsidy removal, public perceptions, and the socio-economic impacts on households, businesses, and development outcomes. Employing a mixed-methods approach, data were gathered through questionnaires, interviews, and secondary sources such as government reports and policy documents. The study analyzes how subsidy removal affects key indicators of sustainable development, including economic stability, social equity, and environmental considerations. Findings reveal that while fuel subsidy removal is often justified by government as a strategy to free resources for development and reduce fiscal burdens, inadequate social protection mechanisms, weak institutional transparency, and limited stakeholder engagement have undermined its developmental benefits. The study concludes that for fuel subsidy removal to contribute meaningfully to sustainable development, it must be accompanied by effective governance, targeted welfare interventions, and inclusive policy implementation. The paper recommends strengthened accountability frameworks and region-specific mitigation strategies to cushion the adverse effects on vulnerable populations.