IMPACT OF MUDDY AND POTABLE WATER ON CONCRETE STRENGTH
Abstract
Concrete remains one of the most widely used construction materials due to its strength, durability, and versatility. Water plays a vital role in concrete production as it influences hydration, workability, and the overall strength development. Conventionally, potable water is recommended for mixing and curing concrete; however, its scarcity in many regions, particularly in Sokoto, Nigeria, has necessitated the search for alternative water sources. This study investigates the impact of using muddy water as a partial substitute for potable water in the mixing and curing of concrete.
Concrete samples were prepared using a 1:2:4 mix ratio and cast into 15 × 15 × 15 cm cubes. Half of the samples were mixed and cured with potable water, while the remaining half were mixed and cured with muddy water obtained from Kwakwalawa Dam. The workability of fresh concrete was assessed using the slump test, and compressive strength tests were conducted at 7, 14, and 28 days using a 2000 kN digital compression testing machine.
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