CAUSE AND PREVENTION OF TEENAGE PREGNANCY AMONG ADOLESCENT IN GAMBARI ILORIN EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT

Teenage pregnancy has become a very serious social problem in South Africa, and pregnancy under the age of seventeen has been view as a catastrophe for individual family and society (Oguguo, 2013). According to (Epas, 2019). Teenage mothers are having more babies compared with a generation age. Moreover, the younger adolescents are when having their first child the likely they are to have another child while still a teenager Abortion means termination of pregnancy, it can either be spontaneous or induced. Spontaneous is known as miscarriage, while induced simply means termination of a pregnancy which is planned recently, the statistics have shown an increase in abortion rate year after year. Adolescent in south. Africa also engages in free instant messaging application, the way of chatting to each other via cell phone. It is estimated that more than one billion people worldwide use the internet. More adolescent are raised by single parent of foster care as a result of the high extramarital birth rate, divorce rate and AIDS. The high rate of drug abuse to teenagers and poverty are the challenges that the youth of South Africa are facing today (Singh, and Nnamani, 2019). Abortion is an activity banned in certain countries, such as North Carolina and Hawaii (WHO, 2017). The latest statistics have shown an increase in abortion rate year by year and it is an unfavorable fact (Oguguo, 2013). Abortion is the expulsion of the offspring in a state of development from the womb between one to seven months of pregnancy, which is giving birth before the right time. In most case of abortion. It is referred to as miscarriage of birth. Abortion should be considered as a lifesaving situation due to illness, but however it is being practice at will due to societal change and orientations. It is becoming too dangerous and threatening to the life of the mother Abortion is also a form of removing pregnancy from the womb, either by taking pills (medical abortion) which involves taking medicines to cause miss-carriage or by surgery (surgical abortion) where the pregnancy is removed from the womb. Most abortion can be provided on a daycare basis which means you do not need to stay at a clinic overnight. Every year almost 12,000 thousand teenage girls have abortion (Bpas. 2019). Abortion consists of two types which are the PILLS and SURGICAL abortion. The pills abortion is used after 9 to 24 weeks of pregnancy. Also, from 22 weeks after which the pregnancy is pushed out and an injection to the womb is given, and such injections are given to ensure the homeostatic balance of the uterus. However, a checkup visit to the clinic is also required. Social issues can be of the big factors which cause abortion rate increase day after day such as crime act. We are unable to deny that the frequency of crime cases in our nation is slightly high. There is a real case which takes place in the previous month, April, which a student from KolejTunku Abdul Rahman (Ktar) was raped by the colleges security guard, the victim is only eighteen years old, because of this bad experience, the victim will be confronted with long term influence which mean that she will not only be affected in physically but also psychologically, and it probably needs to take some time to cure towards the bad and unfortunate incidence. For those pregnancies that resulted from rape or incest those women who were victims of the assaults often seen abortion as the only option (Bankole, 2017). Incest can be defined as sexual relations between persons who are so closely related that their marriage is illegal or forbidden by custom. The probability of the fetus gotten from incest will be deformity is slightly high because the parties may have blood-relation between themselves. Most of the women however decide to have an abortion because the pregnancy will represent a problem in their future and current lives as well besides that, there is also an evidence abounds that a high proportion of women becomes pregnant unintentionally, in both developed and developing countries In addition, young pregnant women will be short of experience in taking care of the baby and so they are unable to foreseen the baby later life because of that they may decide to terminate the pregnancy rather than carry on the fetus. In certain countries such as china they have carried out a policy which the government which tends to control the population in their country, which in one child per family policy this policy was applied in year 1980 introduction of this policy (Lekundayo, 2018), has contributed to the increased rapidly in the number of abortion and there are report showing that forced abortion are uncommon nowadays. In several unique circumstances, the women can obtains legalized approval from the population authorities before getting pregnant therefore those women who are from urban area In china show higher possibility to attain the permission to carry more than a child. Besides abortion is a legal practice in Brazil if it is the only means to save the woman life or if the pregnancy is as a result of rape although this has been the law for over 60 years it has almost never been applied until recent years. In the past five years, the number of hospitals providing care to women victims of sexual violence has increased from 4 to 63 of which 40 people are currently providing legal abortion (Lekundayo, 2018) Furthermore, condition of an economy in certain country will give an impact to the statistic of abortion in a nation such as during unemployment, inflation and deflation. A simple definition of inflation is where a situation that too much money chasing too few goods and this will influence directly toward the distribution approach in the market. on the other hand, unemployment is a situation where the worker wants to work, but is unable to work and it may help turn away from inflation, which will negatively affect almost everyone in the economy (Singh, 2019) During a high unemployment rate there will be recession in the market, which the employee will face financial difficulty to afford an additional child and as well as the parents and the existing children. If this happen, the pregnant women will think is about whether they should carry on or terminate the pregnancy. In contrast, while there is boom in the economy, there will be a different choice on the pregnant women while sometimes the parents will make a decision to take on an abortion, where there is a prospect in their career and they are unwilling to sacrifice the precious opportunity. Some will think the parents are cruel and selfish, nut we are not them and we will not know the situation and feeding on them. Yet, economy boom will promote international business in the country, and the people will benefit through it, such as an advance in technology. International business encourages exchange of knowledge and experience between the countries, and it will build good relationship between nations. As we know, Japan is always adopting and possessing the advance technology and techniques among the country and many people in our countries fancy to get trained them. Unable to deny that, failure rate in our country have been minimized by the advancing of medical techniques in our country which compares to previous stage and currently the people are becoming more assured with our country’s medical system and techniques and they are willing to carry out some high risk operation, such as heart operations. Globally, about 210 million pregnancies occur each year and out of which 80 million pregnancies are unintended (Singh, et.al., 2019).a report by the world health organization (WHO) in 2018 reveals that, about 21.6 million unsafe abortion was responsible for 13% or 47,000 maternal death worldwide (WHO, 2011). Nigeria is one of the countries with the highest fertility rate in the world, which is on average 5.7childern per woman (DHS 2018). In Nigeria, unsafe abortion is a serious public health problem, according to health reform foundation of Nigeria (HRFN); and Nigeria contributes significantly to the global burden of unsafe abortion related mortality (HRFN 2016). According to available research, annually 760,000 abortions are performed in the country, at the rate of 25 abortions for every 1,000 women of childbearing age (Henshaw et al., 2018). This resulted in 143,000 complications, sever enough to warrant admission (Bankole et al., 2016). To ascertain the correct figure of mortality from unsafe abortions by teenagers is difficult, but the society of gynaecologist and obstetrican of Nigeria and henshaw revealed that each year about 3,000 women are dying as a result of complications due to unsafe abortions and more than half of them are adolescents (Orisaremi, 2012) (Henshawet et al., 2018). This could be one of the reasons why maternal mortality is very high in the country (WHO, 2017). Unfortunately no evidence exists to suggest that the authorities have any tentative programs in place to improve the situation (Orisaremi, 2012). “The world health organization (WHO) defines unsafe abortion as a procedure that interrupts pregnancy, either performed by persons lacking the necessary skills or in environments that do not comply with the minimum health standards. It is classified as a serious problem, as it is responsible for significant portion of maternal deaths related to abortion”. Another major incidence of pregnancy and abortion is the socio-cultural background of people. This is attributed to the orientation or beliefs which subjects the girl child to early hawking at very tender age of about nine or ten years. These inappropriate exposures make her vulnerable as well as the deceitfulness of irresponsible young boys and old men, usually compromise with her innocence (Bankole et al., 2016)