SIMULATION OF THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF PHOTOVOLTANIC MODULE

The performance of photovoltaic (PV) modules is critically influenced by operating temperature, as elevated temperatures typically reduce voltage output and overall efficiency. This study presents a simulation-based analysis of temperature effects on a photovoltaic module's electrical characteristics, utilizing a one-diode equivalent circuit model integrated with MATLAB/Simulink. Simulations were conducted across a temperature range of 25°C to 65°C under standard test conditions (STC) of 1000 W/m² irradiance, examining key parameters such as open-circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current (Isc), maximum power point (Pmax), and fill factor (FF). Results indicate a negative temperature coefficient for Voc and Pmax, with efficiency dropping by approximately 0.4-0.5% per °C rise, consistent with typical polycrystalline silicon modules. The model demonstrates that at 50°C, Pmax decreases by 15-20% compared to STC, highlighting the need for thermal management strategies like cooling systems to enhance real-world solar energy yield. These findings provide insights for optimizing PV system design in varying climatic conditions.