DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A MICROCONTROLLER BASED IOT POWER MONITORING SYSTEM
Abstract
ABSTRACT
This project presents the design and implementation of a cost-effective microcontroller-based power monitoring system that is tailored for single-phase AC electrical circuits. The system is developed to monitor critical electrical parameters including voltage, current, active power, apparent power. Unlike many conventional designs that rely on analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) for signal acquisition, this system employs a rectifier circuit that is composed of four diodes and a 1000µF capacitor for AC to DC signal conditioning and filtration. The conditioned signals are interpreted directly by an ESP32 microcontroller, which handles real-time computation, control and wireless data transmission via the Blynk IoT platform. An important safety feature of the system is a relay mechanism that automatically disconnects the load when the voltage exceeds the predefined safe threshold range of 170-245V, this protects appliances from damage due to overvoltage or undervoltage conditions. Data is displayed on a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) interface for local monitoring and is also transmitted wirelessly for remote visualization. The system was designed using a flexible structure, which encourages easy testing, debugging and future scalability. This project demonstrates how low-cost components and smart control logic can be integrated to build a reliable, user-friendly and scalable power monitoring system, that are suitable for residential and academic settings in developing regions.
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