OXIDATIVE STRESS BIOMARKERS IN RATS ADMINISTERED ISOMETHAMIDIUM CHLORIDE, DIMINAZENE ACETURATE AND THEIR SYNERGY
Abstract
Animal African trypanosomiasis remains a significant threat to livestock health and productivity in tropical regions, with considerable economic implications. Chemotherapy and chemoprophylaxis are the most reliable strategies for disease control, with Isometamidium Chloride (ISO) used prophylactically and Diminazene Aceturate (DA) used therapeutically.
This study investigated the effects of ISO, DA, and their synergistic administration on oxidative stress biomarkers in Wistar rats. A total of 60 adult male rats weighing 150–200 g were acclimatized and randomly assigned into SIX groups: Control, ISO-treated, DA-treated, and ISO+DA combinations. Drugs were administered intramuscularly at recommended therapeutic doses. Blood samples were collected from the retro-orbital plexus using heparinized microhematocrit capillary tubes. Hematological parameters were determined using an automated analyzer, while serum was analyzed spectrophotometrically for malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx),and total protein (TP).
Results indicated that ISO and DA administration caused significant (p < 0.05) increases in MDA levels, reflecting elevated lipid peroxidation. A compensatory increase in antioxidant enzymes (SOD and GPx) was also observed. Notably, rats in the ISO+DA group exhibited significantly lower MDA levels and higher antioxidant enzyme activities compared to the ISO or DA groups. This demonstrates a synergistic effect that appears to attenuate oxidative damage while enhancing redox balance.
In conclusion, ISO and DA individually induce oxidative stress, but their combination may provide a protective effect by reducing lipid peroxidation and supporting antioxidant defense systems.
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