MONTHLY VARIATION IN SPECIATION ANALYSIS OF NI, PB, ZN, SB, MN AND FE IN SOIL POLLUTED WITH WASTE
Abstract
Abstract
Soil contamination by heavy metals is a major environmental concern due to their persistence, toxicity, and bioaccumulation potential. This study focuses on the monthly variation in the chemical speciation of selected heavy metals—Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pb), Zinc (Zn), Antimony (Sb), Manganese (Mn), and Iron (Fe)—in soils polluted with waste. Speciation analysis provides insight into the mobility, bioavailability, and ecological risk of these metals rather than total concentration alone. Sequential extraction methods are commonly used to partition metals into fractions such as exchangeable, carbonate-bound, Fe–Mn oxide-bound, organic-bound, and residual forms. Seasonal and monthly variations influence metal speciation due to factors such as rainfall, temperature, microbial activity, and pH changes. Understanding these variations is essential for effective environmental monitoring and remediation strategies.
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